高考中少数民族加分政策实施效度的研究——以贵州考生为例

Research on the validityofpolicyimplementation process of awarded points for minority candidates in national college entrance examination

高考少数民族加分政策是针对少数民族考生民族身份的照顾性政策,但由于该政策在实施过程中的效度缺乏分析研究,使得该政策在少数民族增加高等教育机会的获得上作用不明。本文通过对贵州少数民族考生与汉族考生成绩、加分政策效果的对比和分析,得出结论如下:(1)贵州少数民族考生与汉族考生的成绩差距是客观存在的,农村考生中的差距更为明显;(2)少数民族考生在考科的差距上表现出文化选择特性;(3)贵州少数民族加分政策和预科政策对少数民族考生的补偿非常显著。未来的高考改革中,要合理的差别对待城乡少数民族考生间的差距,充分评估涉及高考少数民族的加分政策;考科改革要充分考虑课程的文化属性,即不同考生群体对不同科目的选择性差异。本文还对高考中实现民族间相对公平的努力方向给出了一定基础数据。

Thepolicy of awarded points for minority candidates in the national college entrance examinationisapolicyforthe- careofthenational identityofminority candidates. But due to lack of analysison thevalidityofthepolieyimplementation process, the effects of the policy are not obvious toincreasehigheredueationopportunities for the minorities. In this paper, by analyzing and comparing the results of scores and awarded points policy between minority candidates and Hancandidates in Guizhou Province, the following findings may be drawn out： （ 1 ） Achievementgap between minor;ty candidates and Hancandidates in Guizhotfis anobjective reality and thedisparity is more obvious among ruralcandidates; （2） The gap of minority candidates in examining sub- jects presents cultural selective features ; （3） The awarded points policy and the pre - education policy is very effective tocom- pensatefor minority candidates. Thefuturereformon the national college entrance examination should reasonably take different meas- ures for urban and ruralminority candidates and assessfully the awarded pints policy for minority candidates. The reform on exami- ning subjects should take full account oftheculturalattributesofthecurriculum, which means the differentcandidategroupson the se- lection of subjects are different. Thepaper also presents somebasie data to aehievearelativelyfaireffortamong different nationalitiesi- ntbe national college entrance examination.