青海高寒区人工林枯落物及土壤水文效应

Hydrological Effects of Planted Forest Litters and Soils in Alpine Region of Qinghai Province

以青海省大通县宝库林场5种典型人工林的枯落物层和土壤层为研究对象，对其水文效应进行了初步研究。结果表明：（1）枯落物储量为34．69～67．84t／hm2，大小为落叶松林〉云杉落叶松混交林〉云杉林〉白桦林〉云杉白桦混交林。枯落物最大持水量为80．30～150．73t／hm2，持水量最大为云杉落叶松混交林，其次是落叶松林，白桦林和云衫白桦混交林，最小为云杉林。云杉落叶松混交林有效拦蓄能力最强，为94．32t／hm2；云杉林有效拦蓄能力最弱，为45．40t／hm2。（2）未分解层枯落物浸水在8h左右基本达到饱和状态，而半分解层在6h已经接近饱和；在0．5h内，枯落物吸水速率达到最大，6h左右下降速度明显放缓。（3）土壤层持水能力最强的是云杉落叶松混交林，最小的是云杉白桦混交林。

A preliminary study of the hydrological effects of litters layer and soil layer was carried out in five kinds of planted forest stands in Baoku forest farm, Qinghai Province. Results showed that （1） the total lit- ter storage capacity was about 34.6967.84 t/hm2 , which was in the order of Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr Picea asperata Mast mixed Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr Picea asperata Mast Betula platyphylla Suk Picea asperata Mast mixed Betula platyphylla Suk. The maximum water holding ca pacity ranged from 80. 30 to 150. 73 t/hm2, which was in the order of Picea asperata Mast mixed Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr Betula platyphylla Suk Picea aspera ta Mast mixed Betula platyphylla Suk Picea asperata Mast. The modified intercept amount of Picea as perata Mast mixed Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr was the strongest; being 94.32 t/hm2 ; and Picea as-perata Mast was the worst, being 45.40 t/hm2. （2） Semi-decomposition litter reached saturation in 6 h; and without-decomposition litter, in 8 h. In first half-hour, absorption rate was the largest, and the rate was ob viously slowed down after 6 h. （3） The soil water-holding capacity of Picea asperata Mast mixed Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr was the strongest, while Picea asperata Mast mixed Betula platyphylla Suk was the worst.