气候变化与人类活动对盐池县生态环境的影响

Effects of Climate Change and Human Activities on Ecological Environment of Yanchi County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

利用宁夏回族自治区盐池县1981—2010年气候、社会经济数据,采用倾向率法、一元线性回归方程拟合等,深入分析了盐池县气候变化与人类活动对生态环境的影响。结果表明,盐池县正处于气候暖干化时期,1981—2010年,气温以0.22℃/10a的速率上升;降水量以1.44mm/10a的速率在波动中下降;蒸发量以9.85mm/a的速率下降。不同时期人类活动对生态环境的影响不同,20世纪80,90年代的滥挖、滥牧、滥采造成该地区生态环境恶化。2001年起,退耕还林(草)、禁牧等对盐池县生态环境产生了积极的影响,扭转了20世纪90年代生态环境恶化的局面,并开始表现出一定抵御自然灾害的能力。研究认为,人类活动是盐池县近30a生态环境演变的主导因素。因此,只有合理开发、利用自然资源,推进人与生态环境和谐共处,才能保障盐池县经济社会的可持续发展。

Based on the climatic, social and economic data from 1981 to 2010 in Yanchi County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the impacts of climate change trends and human activities on ecological environment were analyzed using trend analysis and linear regression methods. Results show that from 1981 to 2010, the mean annual temperature in Yanchi County increased at a warming speed of 0.22 ℃/10 a, the mean annual precipitation declined at a rate of 1.44 mm/10 a, and the mean annual evaporation decreased at a rate of 9.85mm/a, which imply that the climate of the region was in the warmingdrying period. The influences of hu man activities on environment were different in different periods. In the 1980s and 1990s, indiscriminate min ing, overgrazing and excessive cutting caused the deterioration of ecological environment. After 2000, a se ries of protection measures like the ＂Grain for Green＂ project and forbidden grazing policies had some positive effects on local ecological environment and the region began to show the ability to defend against natural dis asters. In brief, human activities play a major role in the ecoenvironment change. Therefore, rational devel opment and utilization of natural resources can promote the harmonious coexistence of human and ecological environment and guarantee the sustainable development of economy and society in Yanchi County.