陕西省彬长矿区水土流失与地质灾害的关系初探

Relationships Between Soil and Water Loss and Geological Disasters in Binxian-Changwu Mining Area of Shaanxi Province

煤炭开采造成矿区水土流失加重。矿区环境地质灾害类型复杂,危害严重。以陕西省彬长矿区(位于长武、彬县和旬邑3县境内)为例,在阐述该矿区水土流失程度及特征的基础上,分析了其水土流失与环境地质灾害的关系;煤矿区水土流失往往以地质灾害为成因,地质灾害加重了水土流失的程度。总结了矿区滑坡型、崩塌型、泥石流型、地面塌陷型水土流失4种类型及其特点,提出了矿区地质灾害防治思路及治理对策。针对采空区、地表塌陷、地裂缝、弃渣场等煤矿区废弃地,应采用复垦成套工艺技术,减少水土流失的场所,同时严格控制弃土弃渣的堆放,避开水流路线,修建拦挡设施。边坡开挖要采取顶部排水及底部支护。

Coal exploration and mining may lead to aggravated soil and water loss. Environmental geological disasters in a coal mining area are always complicated in type and scale and can cause serious damages and harms. By taking the Binxian--Changwu Mining Area as an example, the relationships between soil and water loss and environmental geological disasters are analyzed based on the analysis of degree and characteris tics of soil and water loss in the mining area. Geological disasters are generally responsible for soil and water loss and aggravate the degree of soil and water loss. Accordingly, four main types of soil and water loss, as well as its characteristics, are classified, which are landslip, collapse, mudslide and ground subsidence. From the analysis, the ideas and countermeasures are proposed for controlling geological disasters in the min-ing area, i. e. , using a set of reclamation techniques, reducing the number of sites with soil and water loss, strictly regulating the pilling-up of waste soil and residue by avoiding water flow rout and building blocking wall, and carefully digging side slope