西安市城市化与都市农业发展耦合关系研究

The coupling relationship between urbanization and urban agriculture development in Xi'an city

城市化以其强烈的市场效应与辐射功能带动了都市农业的发展,但同时又对都市农业的水土资源、生态环境造成负面影响;都市农业又通过其生产、社会及生态功能推动城市化发展。揭示两者之间的作用规律,对解决城市经济、社会和生态问题,快速推动都市农业发展,协调城乡关系具有重要意义。本文在构建城市化水平与都市农业发展水平测度指标体系的基础上,通过主成分分析法和相关分析法,探讨了城市化与都市农业发展之间的相互作用机制,并定量分析了两者之间的耦合关系。结果表明:①近10年,西安市城市化水平与都市农业发展水平都呈上升的趋势,且二者表现出显著的同步性;②西安城市化水平和都市农业发展水平呈显著的正相关,相关系数达0.955;③西安城市现代化水平因子、城市生活质量水平因子和人口与经济结构因子是推动城市化的3个主要因子,其中城市现代化水平因子是推动西安都市农业发展的主导因子。

Urbanization drives the urban agriculture development by its huge marketing effects and diffusion functions, while it also has negative effects on land and water resources and eco-environment. Firstly, due to the huge market scale, the higher level and diversified consumption from urban population, and the large-scale development of agricultural production have been promoted quickly, which mainly shows the agricultural structure＇ s transformation from the traditional agricul^tre to high-grade modern commercial agriculture. Secondly, due to dense population, heavy traffic, intense working pressure and urban eco-environmental deterioration, the increasing desire for the beautiful natural environment and the huge demand for leisure culture from citizens promote further development of the ecological service and the recreational function provided by the urban agriculture. Thirdly, the development of the science and technology and its diffusion of information services in process of urbanization also improve the commercialization, economic scale, intensification and socialization of the urban agriculture. Finally, with the rapid process of urbanization, the increasing urban population and high-scale industry take up a large amount of land and water resources. This is resulting in the shortage of land and water resources and the deterioration of soil and urban eco-environment, which has restrained the development of the urban agriculture. On the contrary, the development of urban agriculture strongly promotes the process of urbanization by providing abundant and various products, as well as social and ecological services to satisfy citizens＇ demand. Therefore, there is close interaction between urbanization and urban agriculture development. Exploring interacting relation between them is very important to develop urban agriculture, solve the economic, social and ecological problems in process of urbanization and adjust relationship between urban and rural areas. Based on the built value indicators for urbanization and urban agriculture development, this study reveals the interaction mechanism and quantitative coupling relationship between urbanization and urban agriculture development in Xi＇an city by principal component analysis method and correlation analysis method. The results show that： （1） urbanization level and urban agriculture development degree are simultaneously increasing in the last decade; （2） there is significantly positive correlation between them, and the correlation coefficient is up to 0.955; （3） urban modernization, citizens＇ living quality and population and economic structure are the major factors that influence urbanization development in Xi＇an city, and urban modernization is the dominant factor for promoting the development of urban agriculture in the process of urbanization.