服从与合作:抗战时期日占区统制经济下的同业公会

Obedience and Cooperation:Business Guilds in the Controlled Economic System in Japanese Occupied Areas during China's Resistance War against Japan

在统制经济体制下,日占区商人的商业活动与民众生活密切相关,战后国民政府在审判时,往往会具体分析商人的战时行为及背后的因素,区分他们所经营的物品与统制行业的密切程度及其参与敌伪政治的程度。身处统制行业,特别是军用品行业者,更易成为"合作武生存"者。"服从式生存"者虽面临道德指控的困境,但绝大多数并未获罪。"合作式生存"者虽有被指为"汉奸"的危险,但只有那些在商业经营中有明显资助敌方军事活动的商人,才更易被判为"经济汉奸"。

Under the controlled economic system,the commercial activities of businessmen in Japanese occupied areas were closely lied to the lives of ordinary people.In trials after the war,the Nationalist government tended to specifically analyze the behavior of businessmen during the war,as well as some contributing factors,in order to differentiate the degree of correlation between their products and products in controlled industries,and llie degree of their participation in the politics of the enemy and puppet regimes.Businessmen who belonged to controlled industries,in particular the military industries,were more likely to be designated 'cooperative survivors.' Though 'obedient survivors' faced moral approbation,most of them were not convicted of any crime.While 'cooperative survivors' were in danger of being charged as 'traitors,' only those businessmen who had obviously aided enemy military operations in the conduct of their business faced an increased likelihood of being judged as 'economic traitors.'