日语及物动词连用形做名词时的语义制约

Semantic restrictions on the nominalization in the continuative form of transitive verbs of Japanese

在日语里,动词变形之一——连用形可以直接做名词使用,如「狙う」→「狙い」。但这种名词化方法并非对所有动词都适用。本文的目的是探究动词自身的语义结构对名词化能力的制约。笔者运用语料库调查方法收集了日语的及物动词连用形名词,随后引用工藤真由美(1995)的动词分类进行分析,通过不同分类间名词化能力的高低对比,笔者发现在及物动词中,及物动词的典型特征——及物性的高低对动词名词化能力具有很大影响。而其背后,正显示了语义独立性和完整性对名词化的制约。

In Japanese,the continuative form of a verb can be used as a noun,for example nerau→nerai,but the nominalization does not apply to all the verbs.The purpose of this paper is to find out how the semantic structure of a verb can restrict the possibility for the verb itself to be nominalized.The author collects the continuative nouns of transitive verbs in Japanese by the corpus method,and analyzes the verbs according to the classification by Kudo(1995).The author then finds out that the strength of transitivity can have sufficient impact on the possibility of nominalization,which is indeed a demonstration of how nominalization is restricted by the independency and completeness of the connotation of a verb.