乾隆朝粥赈制度研究

A Study on Practice of Porridge Relief during the Qianlong Reign

粥赈作为清代灾荒的辅助性赈济措施,在灾荒及贫民赈济中发挥了积极作用。乾隆朝制定了较完善的粥赈制度,发挥了积极的赈饥功效,也因吏治腐败、制度刻板及管理缺陷引发了诸多弊端,粥厂分布不均也在客观上影响了粥赈的社会效果,而无偿粥赈对社会公共心理产生的消极影响,也使完善的荒政制度出现了极大的成效逆差。

Porridge relief was one important famine relief measure in China, and the practice of porridge relief was a crucial part of the traditional Chinese famine relief system. As one additional famine relief measure in Qing dynasty, the porridge relief practice played an active role in disaster relief and in feeding the poor. A more comprehensive porridge relief practice was implemented during the Qianlong reign （1736- 95）, and it exerted a positive effect in reliving the famine victims. However, due to bureaucratic corruption, inflexible system and management deficiencies, there were many problems in porridge relief, which leaded to the death of famine refugees in large numbers; the uneven distribution of porridge factories also in practice impaired the social effects of porridge relief; thirdly, the relief of porridge charged for free had a negative impact on the public mentality. All of the above resulted in a great deficit of social effects of this most comprehensive famine relief practice