季节性城市生活垃圾成分分析及厌氧消化特性研究

Compositions analysis and anaerobic digestion characteristics on seasonal municipal solid waste

城市生活垃圾的成分及特性随着季节和人类在不同季节的生活习惯而变化,针对我国北方城市研究了一年中不同季节的城市生活垃圾成分特点,对影响厌氧发酵过程的相关成分如总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、蛋白质、脂肪和还原糖等进行了测定分析。通过厌氧消化实验,测得不同季节城市生活垃圾pH值、日产气量、沼气甲烷含量、甲烷累积量、挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)和氧化还原电位(ORP)等参数的变化规律,分析相应变化的影响因素。结果表明,二、三季度的含水率分别为64.81%和67.50%,高于一、四季度,一季度发酵原料中蛋白质和脂肪含量分别为12.56%和8.86%,明显高于其他3个季度。一季度甲烷累积量最高,达到17 616 mL,单位发酵原料的产气量为204.8 mL/g,也是4个季度中最高的,说明蛋白质、脂肪等有机成分含量对厌氧发酵过程及结果影响比较明显。为进一步的城市生活垃圾厌氧消化制取生物燃气的工艺条件提供依据。

The compositions and properties of municipal solid waste（MSW） vary with the seasons and hu- man hobbies. The composition characteristics of municipal solid waste in different seasons of northern cities were studied, the corresponding components of TOC, TN, protein, fat, reducing sugar,etc, were analyzed. Through the anaerobic digestion experiment,the varying pattern of pH, daily gas production, methane content, methane cumulant, VFAs, ORP of MSW, were tested,in which the influencing factors of the corresponding change were analyzed. The results show that the water contents of the second and third quarter are 64.81% and 67.50% ,re- spectively, higher than that of the first and fourth quarter. The protein and fat contents in fermenting materials of first quarter are 12.56% and 8.86% , respectively, obviously higher than that of the other quarters. The meth- ane eumulant and gas production by unit fermentation raw materials of first quarter are 17 616 mL and 204.8 mL/g, respectively, which is also the highest in four quarters. It indicated that the protein and fat have an im- portant impact on process and results of anaerobic fermentation. The research could provide some reference and demonstration for anaerobic digestion projects of MSW.