中国对南非纺织业投资与贸易中的竞争与互补关系

Competition and Complement in International Investment and Trade of Sino-Africa Textile Industry

中国"走出去"的产业和产品定位无意对发展中国家形成竞争关系,但作为新兴发展中经济大国,中国对外经贸活动不仅引起发展中国家的重视,也得到了发达国家的格外关注。非洲是中国南南合作的重点地区,中国低品质的投资和贸易对当地低端产品形成冲击,一方面影响中国形象,另一方面由于低端产品的附加值低,中方也得不偿失。相应的中国"走出去"战略应该调整投资和贸易结构,对发展中国家多输入资本密集型、高技术含量的产品和产业;避免对非洲国家的低端产品和就业产生竞争。本文以南非的纺织业市场为例,通过计算1990-2010年行业比较优势指数、边际行业内贸易指数等指标,详细分析了中-南经贸合作的竞争和互补关系,结论发现,中国在南非的纺织品投资和贸易活动有待进一步深化升级。为此,中国需要利用优势,吸收当地劳动力,放弃低端市场,占据高端市场,在竞争中促互补。

There is no need for China＇s Going Out Strategy aiming at the competitive industries and products in other developing countries.Well,as a emerging,developing economy,China＇s international investment and trade raised enough attention,both from other developing countries and developed countries.China＇s involvement in international trade and investment has a negative impact on local economy in terms of poor quality and bad reputation.It does nothing good to China＇s international image,either does it gain more profit for Chinese enterprises.Further more,it causes misperceptions for the western world to China and oriental countries.China＇s going out strategy need adjusting.More capital intensive and technology intensivve industries and products need to be transfered to African countries as one part of whole story of sustainable development.Take the textile industry of South Africa as an example,the RCA,MIIT and the whole set of indicators of which from 1990 to 2010 show that,the investment and trade of China in South Africa need a systematically improvement.Therefore,Chinese enterprises in South Africa may have to produce more job opportunities to local communities and aiming at the high end of the market.