中国近海赤潮基本特征与减灾对策

Basic characteristics and mitigation countermeasures of red tides in China seas

通过描述我国沿海赤潮发生历史和现状,深入探讨了我国赤潮的时空分布特征及变化规律,并提出了应对赤潮灾害的减灾对策。分析结果显示:(1)1933年至2011年间,我国海域共观测到赤潮事件1 047起。2000年以后我国进入赤潮高发期,赤潮发现频率和影响范围明显增加。(2)我国沿海从南到北均有赤潮分布,时空分布差异显著。其中,河口、内湾为赤潮多发区。东海年发现频率最高,高发期集中于每年4-9月水温较高的季节,南海一年四季均有发现。(3)截至2009年,我国由优势种引发赤潮的次数为417次,约占赤潮总数的45%,有毒赤潮发现频率明显增加。(4)对营养盐输入为赤潮发生提供了物质基础进行了探讨,提出了加强赤潮预警和强化污染控制是赤潮防灾减灾的主要措施。

Both the history and the current status of the red tide in China Seas were described, and the temporal-spatial distribution and characteristics were discussed, as well as the relative control measure were set forth. According to the statistics, （1） From 1933 to 2011, 1047 times of red tides were recorded in China Seas. The frequency and scale of red tide have increased significantly since 2000. （2） Red tide distributed in both south and north coasts in China. Distribution patterns were different obviously. Estuaries and inner bays were high-frequency red tide areas, in which East China Sea was the highest frequency. High-frequency season was from May to August, and red tide occurred in the South China Sea all year round. （3） Up to 2009, the frequency of red tides caused by dominant species counted as 417, about 45 percent of the total events; and frequency of toxic red tides increased significantly in recent years. （4） Major nutrient loads were considered to be one of the main reasons that induced the red tide events. Early warning and strengthening pollution control of nitrogen and phosphorus loads would be the main measures to prevent HABs.