汉英的时制对比与汉语动态助词“着”

Time Expression Characteristics of “Zhe”:A Contrastive Study of Tense between Chinese and English

在单谓语句中,自然地以说话时间为事件发生的时间语境,"着"有表"已然"的绝对时功能;在复句非谓语位置上,"V着"中的"着"有表"同时"的相对时功能,在谓语位置上,"着"呈"绝对时"功能。"着"在一定条件下可以不用,而和"着"相对应的英语时制标记"过去时"、"进行时"及非限定性小句"V+ing"则不能省略。英语用不同的动词形式表示绝对时制和相对时制,汉语的"着"既可以表示绝对时制,也可以表示相对时制。

＂Zhe＂ （着）functions as an absolute time marker in a single -predicate sentence in which speech time equals event time, and as a relative time marker in non - predicate position in complex sentence.As the absolute time marker, ＂Zhe＂（着）means the previous time; As the relative time marker, it means the same time. ＂Zhe＂ can be replaced by time words or syntactic components under certain conditions. By comparison, the equivalents of ＂Zhe＂ in English, past tense, progressive tense or the non -finite clause ＂V ＋ ing＂ English must be used. English uses different verb forms to express the absolute time and relative tense, while ＂Zhe＂ （着）in Chinese can express the two tenses.