称呼语“老乡”的语义特点及语用功能

Semantic Features and Pragmatic Functions of the Salutation “Fellow-Townsman”

词义在不断的发展中难免会出现扩大、缩小、转移等情况。"老乡"的词义发展演变至今,最主要的特点是多层级性,其词义范围随说话者所处行政地域、籍贯的不同而扩大和缩小;词义伸缩性使其语用交际功能也随语言环境的改变也发生变化。其功能的变性主要体现在词义无限扩展时,为改善交际双方之间的关系,有效地缩短说话者与听话者之间的心理距离,以使交际目的得以及时实现。

The meaning of a word inevitably expands,reduces or transfers in its continuous development.So far multilevel is the most important feature of＂fellow-townsman＂during its evolution.Its meaning expands and reduces with speakers＇ different administrative regions and native places.Semantic flexibility enables its communicative functions to change along with the alteration of language circumstances.Its pragmatic functions change is mainly reflected in semantic unlimited expansion,which is mainly to improve mutual relationship and shorten mutual psychological distance so as to achieve communicational purpose.