中国深层油气形成、分布与潜力分析

Formation, distribution and potential of deep hydrocarbon resources in China

近年来中国陆上油气勘探不断向深层—超深层拓展,在深层油气生成与保存条件、储集层形成机理、勘探潜力与油气资源评价及勘探工程技术方面取得了一系列新认识、新进展。深层油气储集层包括碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩、火山岩等,油层温度可高达295℃,深层碎屑岩在长期浅埋、晚期快速深埋背景下利于孔隙保持,溶蚀与裂缝作用改善了储集层物性;受断裂作用、岩溶热液作用、白云石化作用及早期油气充注影响,碳酸盐岩在8 000 m以深仍有良好的储集性能;深层火山岩受构造作用、火山作用、成岩作用及表生期和埋藏期成岩改造控制,发育原生型和次生风化型两类储集层。中国石油深层油气资源主要分布在碳酸盐岩、碎屑岩和火山岩3大领域,以气为主,已形成塔里木、鄂尔多斯、四川、准噶尔、松辽、三塘湖、渤海湾盆地等现实领域。中国深层油气已进入突破发现期,超深井钻井及超高温钻井液技术等工程技术已初步具备发现深层—超深层油气藏的能力。

The onshore exploration realm has been expanded to （ultra-） deep oil and gas in China. New cognition and significant breakthroughs have been made in generation and preservation conditions, reservoirs formation mechanism, exploration potential, petroleum resources assessment, and exploration engineering technology of deep oil and gas. Deep oil and gas reservoirs include clastics, carbonates, volcanics, etc. The temperature of deep oil can be up to 295 ℃. A context of long time of shallow burial and rapid deep burial in late stage helps preserve the pores of deep clastic rocks, and dissolution and fracturing improve their reservoir properties. Affected by faulting, karst hydrothermal process, dolomitization and early oil and gas injection, carbonate rocks have good reservoir properties even at the depth of over 8 000 m. Controlled by tectonism, volcanism, diagenesis and diagenetic reconstruction during supergene and burial stages, deep volcanic reservoirs develop primary and secondary weathering types of reservoirs. Deep oil and gas resources in China are distributed within three main practical areas of carbonate, clastic and volcanic reservoirs. Dominated by gas, some practical areas were formed including the Tarim Basin, Ordos Basin, Sichuan Basin, Junggar Basin, Songliao Basin, Santanghu Basin and Bohai Bay Basin. Deep oil and gas in China have entered an age of breakthrough and discovery. Relevant engineering technologies, such as ultra deep well drilling and ultra high temperature drilling fluid techniques, have the ability to find （ultra-） deep oil and gas.