植物生长调节剂对大豆子粒超微结构的影响

Effects of plant growth regulators on ultrastructure of soybean seed

本研究以东农46为试验材料,在大豆生长发育期对其叶面喷施4种植物生长调节剂：三碘苯甲酸（TIBA）、硝酸稀土（RE）、亚硫酸氢钠（SBS）、2-N,N-二乙氨基乙基乙酸酯（DTA-6）.通过对大豆贮藏细胞亚显微结构观察发现,在鼓粒期TIBA对蛋白质体聚集起到了一定的作用,SBS使蛋白质体形状不规则,贮藏细胞中淀粉粒较多.RE和DTA-6对增加蛋白质体和脂体的数量效果显著.在生理成熟期,TIBA对蛋白质体聚集作用效果不明显,而使脂体数量增加,排列更紧密.RE处理样贮藏细胞蛋白质体和脂体仍较多.SBS处理样贮藏细胞淀粉粒蛋白质体较多.DTA-6使蛋白质体增多、形状大小不均一,蛋白质体的平均直径大于对照.在成熟期,贮藏细胞的物质丰富,蛋白质体较大.RE、SBS和DTA-6处理样的贮藏细胞中蛋白质体多,其中RE使蛋白质体排列更紧密.DTA-6使蛋白质个体增大,但贮藏细胞中仍有一些淀粉粒没有转化,说明DTA-6减缓了淀粉粒的降解及转化速度.SBS处理样的贮藏细胞脂体排列疏松,RE和TIBA处理样的贮藏细胞中脂体排列紧密,而且饱满.实验表明,植物生长调节剂对大豆子粒贮藏细胞的生长发育有显著影响.在大豆生长的某些特定阶段（从苗期到盛花期、鼓粒始期）,喷施本实验选定的4种植物生长调节剂,均可实现增加产量、提高品质的目的.其中RE、DTA-6增产可达17.00％、21.83％,增产效果十分显著.喷施TIBA的大豆植株矮化、壮杆效果明显,株高降低了28％ ～ 30％,抗倒伏能力显著提高.

In this study,Dongnong 46 was chosen as the experimental material.During its growth period,four kinds of plant growth regulators （TIBA,RE,SBS and DTA-6） were used to spray the leaves of Dongnong 46.Through the observation of the submicroscopic structure of the soybean storage cells,it could be found that at R6 stage,TIBA took a part in the proteome aggregating process.Under the SBS treatment,the proteome were turned to out of shape and there were more starch grains in the storage cells.RE and DTA-6 increased the number of proteome and lipid bodies obviously.At R7 stage,the effects of TIBA on the aggregation of proteome were not evident,while it increased the number of lipid bodies and made them arranged more closely.In the samples with RE treatment,there were still more proteome and lipid bodies in the storage cells.In the SBS treated samples,there were more starch grains and proteome.The number of proteome in the storage cells was increased and their shape and size were heterogeneity after DTA-6 treated,the average diameters of proteome were larger than the control groups.At R8 stage,the substances were rich in the storage cells and the sizes of proteome were larger.In the RE,SBS and DTA-6 treated samples,more proteome existed in the storage cells.In RE groups,the proteome were arranged more closely.In DTA-6 groups,the size of proteome increased,however,there were still unconverted starch grains in the storage cells,indicating that DTA-6 had slowed the degradation and conversion speed of the starch grains.In SBS treated groups,the lipid bodies were arranged loosely in the storage cells,but in RE and TIBA groups,the lipid bodies were full and arranged closely.This experiment showed that the plant growth regulators had a significant effect on the growth on soybean storage cells.In some certain stages of soybean growth,the purpose of increasing production and improving the quality could be achieved through spraying the four selected regulators.More specifically,in RE and DTA-6 treated samples,the production can be increased by 17％ and 21.83％,respectively.The plants spraying with TIBA showed obvious influence on plant dwarf and stem strong,the height of the plants decreased from 28％ to 30％,the capability of lodging-resistance were improved significantly.