不同靶浓度舒芬太尼TCI辅助表面麻醉用于OSAS患者纤维支气管镜引导经鼻清醒气管插管术的效果

Efficacy of different target concentrations of sufentanil TCI used to supplement topical anesthesia for fiber-optic bronchoscopy-assisted awake nasotracheal intubation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

目的 比较不同靶浓度舒芬太尼靶控输注辅助表面麻醉用于阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）患者纤维支气管镜（FOB）引导经鼻清醒气管插管术的效果.方法 择期全麻手术OSAS患者45例,性别不限,年龄28 ～ 60岁,体重指数30 ～ 40 kg/m2,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级.采用随机数字表法,将其分为3组：对照组（C组）、舒芬太尼血浆靶浓度0.4、0.6 ng/ml组（S1组和S2组）.2％利多卡因混合1％丁卡因咽喉喷雾表面麻醉,环甲膜穿刺注射1％丁卡因3 ml.达靶浓度后开始实施FOB引导经鼻气管插管.记录气道阻塞评分、麻醉诱导开始至气管插管后3 min内MAP和HR的变化率＞30％、RPP（SP×HR）＞ 12 000、呼吸频率降低及低氧血症的发生情况.分别于表面麻醉前（T0）、达靶浓度（T1）、气管插管后1、3 min（T2,3）时采集动脉血样,测定血浆肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素和皮质醇的浓度.结果 与C组比较,S1组气道阻塞评分降低,S1组和S2组MAP变化率＞30％、HR变化率＞30％和RPP＞ 12 000的发生率降低,血浆肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素和皮质醇的浓度降低,S2组呼吸频率降低和低氧血症的发生率升高（P＜0.05）；与S1组比较,S2组气道阻塞评分降低,呼吸频率降低和低氧血症的发生率升高（P＜0.05）.与T0时比较,C组T2.3时血浆肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素和皮质醇的浓度升高,S1组和S2组T1时血浆肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素和皮质醇的浓度降低（P＜0.05）.结论 与单纯表面麻醉比较,舒芬太尼血浆靶浓度0.4 ng/ml辅助表面麻醉用于OSAS患者FOB引导经鼻清醒气管插管术时不抑制呼吸,血流动力学平稳,应激反应轻,且可提供良好的气管插管条件.

Objective To compare the efficacy of different target concentrations of sufentanil target-controlled infusion used to supplement topical anesthesia for fiber-optic bronchoscopy （FOB）-assisted awake nasotracheal intubation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome （OSAS）.Methods Forty-five ASA physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients with OSAS,aged 28-60 yr,with body mass index of 30-40 kg/m2,scheduled for elective surgery,were randomly assigned into 3 groups （n =15 each）：control group （group C） and sufentanil with the target plasma concentration of 0.4 ng/ml （group S1） and 0.6 ng/ml groups （group S2）.Naso-pharyngeal and laryngeal mucous membrane was sprayed with 2% lidocaine mixed with 1% ephedrine for topical anesthesia in both groups.In addition 1% tetracaine 3 ml was injected into trachea through cricothyroid membrane.FOB-assisted awake nasotracheal intubation was performed after the target concentration was achieved.The degree of airway obstruction was scored during intubation.The highest values of MAP and HR,rate-pressure product 〉 12 000,decreased respiratory rate and hyoxemia were recorded during the period between induction of anesthesia and 3 min after intubation was completed.The changes in MAP and HR as percent of baseline values were calculated.Before topical anesthesia （T0）,when target concentrations were reached （T1）,and at 1 and 3 min after intubation （T2,3）,blood samples were taken to determine the plasma concentrations of epinephrine （E）,norepinephrine （NE） and cortisol.Results Compared with group C,the airway obstruction score was significantly decreased in group S1,the incidence of changes in MAP and HR 〉 30% of baseline values and rate-pressure product 〉 12 000 was decreased,the plasma concentrations of E,NE and cortisol were decreased in S1 and S2 groups,and the incidence of the respiratory rate was decreased and hypoxemia was increased in group S2 （P 〈 0.05）.Compared with group S1,the airway obstruction score were significantly decreased,and the incidence of respiratory rate was decreased and hypoxemia was increased in group S2 （P 〈 0.05）.Compared with the baseline value at T0,the plasma concentrations of E,NE and cortisol were significantly increased at T2,3 in group C,while decreased at T1 in S1 and S2 groups （P 〈 0.05）.Conclusion Compared with pure topical anesthesia,sufentanil with the target plasma concentration of 0.4 ng/ml does not induce respiratory depression,maintains hemodynamics stable,attenuates the stress responses and provides better intubation conditions when used to supplement topical anesthesia for FOB-assisted awake nasotracheal intubation in patients with OSAS. Keywords：Sufentanil ; Drug delivery systems ; Intubation, intratracheal ; Sleep apnea, obstructive