降解水稻秸秆的好氧性丝状真菌菌株的分离筛选与初步鉴定

Isolation and Identification of Aerobic Filamentous Fungi that Degrading Rice Stalk

[目的]对特定生态环境(腐烂的稻草)中的微生物进行分离筛选,并就这些微生物菌株对水稻秸秆的降解能力进行研究和分析。[方法]利用以微晶纤维素粉等只含纤维素成分的原料作唯一碳源的培养基对从稻草秸秆中分离筛选到的7株可降解稻草秸秆的丝状真菌菌株进行分离和筛选,通过形态学观察和生理生化特性2个层次对其进行鉴定。同时,对这些菌株降解水稻秸秆的能力进行了研究。[结果]试验发现,筛选出的7株菌株中有2株属于多轮青霉组,2株属于烟色曲霉组,1株小孢根霉组,1株梨卵形孢组以及1株总状枝毛霉组。其中1株烟色曲霉组和1株卵形孢组降解秸秆纤维素能力较强,另有1株烟色曲霉组和1株卵形孢组降解秸秆半纤维素能力较强。[结论]研究可为微生物菌种降解水稻秸秆的能力研究提供参考。

[ Objective] To isolate microorganisms in specific ecological environment （rotten straw）, and study the degrading abilities of these microorganisms on rice stalk. [ Method] By using microcrystalline cellulose powder as carbon source, we isolated and identificated microbes that degrading rice stalks in certain natural ecological environment. [ Result] From straw stalks, 7 strains were isolated. Morphological observation and biochemical identification showed that 2 isolates belong to penicillium, 2 belong to Aspergillus furnigatus, 1 belongs to Rhizopus micros- porus, 1 Gongronella butleri and 1 Mucor racemosus. Furthermore, the ability of these isolates to degrade rice stalks was studied. Among which, the abilities of degrading straw cellulose of 1 Aspergillus furnigatus and 1 Gongronella butleri are strongger, the abilities of degrading straw hemi- cellulose of another Aspergillus furnigatus and 1 GongroneUa butleri are strongger. [ Conclusion ] The study can provide reference for microbial strains degrading rice stalk.