基于证据的政策制定:英国的实践与启示

Evidence-based Policy Making:the Practice and Enlightenment From the UK

近年来,基于证据的政策制定(evidence-based policy making)越来越为欧美国家所推崇,英国是该政策体系的重要倡导者。本研究基于对英国政府部门、议会、科研机构、大学、企业,包括能源与气候变化部、议会科技办公室、英国皇家学会等在内的18个部门的实地调研,深入分析了英国基于证据的政策制定的实践与方法,重点考察了政府决策支撑系统中独具特色的首席科学家制度。调研发现,英国构成了确保政策制定者能够在政策制定过程中寻求有效证据的相对完善的体系,科学和工程是英国政府寻求证据的重要来源,科学共同体作为科学证据的提供者,对英国政府的影响是多元化的并存在于政府的各个层面,构成了有效的支撑网络体系。

Evidence-based policy making has been attached increasing emphasis in the European and American countries over the last decade, with the UK government as the main advocator of this concept. Based on the vis- it to the DECC, POST, the Royal Society, and other 15 UK agencies involving in evidence-based policy mak- ing, the research investigates the practice and approaches of UK evidence-based policy making system, espe- cially, the Chief Scientific Advisory System. It can be seen that the UK has established an effective system to ensure the policy maker can use the evidence properly and timely. Science and engineering is the main evi- dence resources for the UK government. The diverse scientific community, as the major provider of evidence, can influence the UK government from different levels and in different ways, and thus forms an effective sup- porting network for evidence-based policy making