生物质衍生糖多相催化转化

Heterogeneously Catalytic Transformation of Biomass-Derived Sugars

生物质碳水化合物是最为丰富的可再生资源,也是未来绿色化学的重要原料,可用于生产作为人类生存所依赖化学品、材料以及石油替代品的相关平台化合物。生物质衍生的纤维素和半纤维素水解后经催化转化即可生成各种平台分子,其中五碳糖水解脱水产生的呋喃甲醛和六碳糖水解脱水产生的羟甲基糠醛以及深度产物乙酰丙酸和γ-戊内酯由于用途广泛而引起研究者的关注。相对于传统的均相催化,多相催化剂具有易于从产物中分离和循环使用,允许较高的反应温度,反应时间短等优点,这些优良性能使其在精细化工、生物燃油制造及大规模工业化应用中展现巨大优势,有望成为解决环境、能源和资源利用的关键。本文以生物质衍生糖为出发点,概述了多相催化在生物质多糖的水解以及转化为平台化合物反应中的研究进展及未来展望。

Biomass carbohydrates, the most abundant renewable resources available, currently are viewed as the only alternative carbon sources for the construction of chemicals and materials for human survival in the future. Biomass-derived sugars ——cellulose and hemicellulose can be transformed into a variety of platform chemicals, of which furfural from dehydration of pentoses, hydroxymethyl furfural （HMF）, from dehydration of hexoses as well as succedent levulinic acid （LA） and γ-valerolactone （GVL） are attracting the most attention. Contrast to conventional homogeneous catalysis, heterogeneous catalysts have advantages of facile separation from products and recycling, permitting higher reaction temperature and shorter reaction time and so on, which accounts for their tremendous potential in fine chemicals, biofuels manufacture and large scale industrial application, and can be expected to be the groundbreaking solution of environment, energy and resource utilization. Herein, the paper starting with biomass-derived sugars, summarized the research development of heterogeneous catalysis on hydrolysis of sugars and their transformation to various platform chemicals containing furural, HMF, LA as well as GVL respectively. Finally, a prospect of the heterogeneous catalysis on the biomass transformation is envisaged which is expected to make a brief guidance for the readers.