民国时期我国的消防演习述论

The fire drill during the period of Republic of China

民国是我国消防事业的重要转型期之一,作为消防活动重要的组成部分——消防演习,也在以自己独特的方式向前发展。关于这一时期的消防演习,主要涉及到三个方面的内容。其一,政府对消防演习的主导。政府通过运用舆论宣传、资源调配和官员参演等方式,来达到对消防演习的主导地位。其二,消防演习的目的。根据实际情况的需要,消防演习的目的往往有所差异,或为检验消防人员和设备、提高民众的消防认识,或沦为日本殖民统治的工具。另外,抗战时期还有专门为预防空袭而进行的消防演习。其三,消防演习的时代特征。民国时期,落后的社会经济和半殖民地的社会性质,使这一时期的消防演习带有了"不平衡性"和"殖民性"两个显著的时代特征。

the Republic of China is one of the important transition period of China fire cause, as fire activity important component fire drills also had been flourishing in its own unique way. This period of fire drills mainly related to three aspects. First, the governments controlled the fire drill. The government through the opinion propaganda, resource allocation and officials involved in the fire drills to achieve the dominant position on the fire drills. Second, the purpose of fire drills, According to the actual needs of the situation, the fire drills purpose were often different, or to test firemen and equipments, or to improve the public understanding of the fire, or become to a Japanese colonial rule tool. Moreover, the governments held fire drills during the war of resistance against Japan and for prevention of air attacks. Third, the times characteristics of the fire drills. The period of the Republic of China, the backward social economy and semi - colonial society nature, made this period of fire drills with the ＂imbalance＂ and ＂colonial＂ two obvious characteristics of the times.