论明清陕西商人“硬制度”与“软约束”结合的管理模式

On the Management Pattern Unified Rigidity-law and Soft-restriction of Shaanxi Merchants in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

刚柔相济，宽严适当是管理学上的黄金规律，这一规律将制度刚性与运作理性和人性相结合，体现了管理的“本真”。而在明清时期，陕西商人在管理实践中摸索出“硬制度”与“软约束”结合的管理模式，并对这一模式存乎于心，运用自如，充分表现了中国传统商人的聪明才智，为我们留下宝贵的精神财富。继承这些具有中国传统管理特色的历史遗产，对于发展社会主义的经营管理有历史和现实意义。

The principle of silk and steel, appropriate limits, which unifies the rigidity of institution and operation, the ration and human nature and shows the nature of management, is the gold law in management. In the period of the Ming and the Qing dynasties, Shaanxi merchants had managed to form the management system which unified the rigidity-law and soft-restriction, bore it in mind, and operated it freely. All of these reflect Chinese merchants＇ intelligence and wisdom adequately and leave the valuable spiritual wealth for later generations. Inheriting the historical legacy bearing the Chinese traditional management characteristics has historical and realistic significant for developing the socialistic operation and management.