汉语汉字发展原则和规律刍议

On the Principles and Rules of Chinese Language and Development of Chinese Characters

本文所论，为笔者在前人研究基础上所总结的汉语、汉字发展的主要原则和规律：汉语发展三原则和汉字发展三规律。汉语发展三原则，即“经济原则”、“准确原则”、“约定俗成原则”；汉字发展三规律：即，由汉语发展三原则所制约和决定的三条规律，即“经济原则”→“简易律”；“准确原则”→“区别律”；“约定俗成原则”→“渐进律”。而这些共同的原则和规律，又都在一条总规律下运行，即，汉语汉字是在规范与反规范的矛盾运动中不断地螺旋式上升，从而使它们不断地走上更高的规范水平。了解和掌握这些基本原则和规律，无论是对于搞好语言规划，确定汉语汉字的规范标准，还是对于公民个人增强语言文字规范意识，都具有重要意义。

This paper mainly discuesses the ＂three principles＂ on Chinese language and ＂three rules＂ on Chinese characters which are concluded on the basis of researching of previous scholars＇ achievements. The ＂three principles＂ on Chinese language are ＂the principle of economy＂, ＂the principle of accuracy＂ and ＂the principle of customs＂, while the ＂three rules＂ on Chinese characters are ＂the rule of simplicity＂, ＂the rule of distinction＂ and ＂the rule of evolution＂, which are constrained and determined by the ＂three principles＂. However, these common principles and rules are operated by a general rule. That is, Chinese language and Chinese characters continuously rise spirally in the conflicting motion between norms and anti -norms. In this way, they can come to a higher level of norm without cessation. Understanding and having a good grasp of these basic principles and rules are of significance in doing a good job of the language planning and determining the standards of Chinese language and characters, or of enhancing the individual＇ s consciousness of the standards about the language and the characters.