密闭式鸡舍冬季环境特征及其对产蛋率的影响

Characteristics of Inside Environment of Confined Poultry House in Winter and Its Influence on Egg Laying Rate of Layers

本研究通过对北京地区密闭式蛋鸡舍的现场环境检测，分析了在侧窗进风、纵向风机排风的调控方式下冬季鸡舍内温度、风速、氨气浓度环境特征，并对环境因子与产蛋率的相关性进行了分析。结果表明，四列五走道的鸡舍在横向断面上，温度呈现中央走道附近区域最低、两侧边走道附近区域次之、其他内走道附近区域最高的分布规律，而风速分布与之相反；总体而言，在鸡舍长度方向的中部，温度维持在12．0-15．8oC，风速维持在0．11-0．22m／s的范围内，氨气浓度最高也不超过11mg／kg，均在蛋鸡生长和生产较为适宜的环境参数范围内；产蛋率与温度、风速分别呈现正相关（r=O．818）、负相关（r=一0．690），与氨气浓度未显示出相关性，说明温度、风速、氨气浓度这3个环境因子中，温度是冬季影响产蛋率的主要环境因子。本研究结果为冬季密闭式鸡舍的环境调控与管理提供了理论依据。

This study examined the characteristics of temperature, ventilation speed, ammonia concentration inside confined poultry house which used side window ventilation and analyzed the correlation between these environmental factors and egg laying rate. The results showed that the transverse temperature distribution of poultry house was that the middle aisle was the lowest,the aisles next to the side wall took the second place and the highest was the aisles on both sides of the middle aisle. But the ventilation speed performed opposite. In general, in the central of poultry house in length direction the temperature could maintain at 12.0 to 15.8 ℃ ,ventilation speed maintained in the range of 0.11 to 0.22 m/s,and ammonia concentration was below 11 mg/kg,all of them were suitable for growth and production of laying hens. Furthermore, egg laying rate had positive correlation with temperature （r=0.818） and negative correlation with ventilation speed（r=-0.690）. As for ammonia concentration, it showed no correlation. So temperature was the most significant environment factor which affected the egg laying rate. The study results provideed theoretical basis for the environment regulation and management of confined poultry house in winter.