从明日勘合贸易的历史进程看“宁波争贡事件”

“Ningbo Violence Dispute Incident” in the Historical Process of Sino-Japanese Trade in the Ming Dynasty

明代中国与日本的朝贡关系确立于永乐初年,而废止于嘉靖中后期,前后持续近150年之久。日本自应仁之乱以后,室町幕府的权威每况愈下,由其主导的对明勘合贸易逐渐落入大内氏与细川氏的掌控中。为独占贸易权,大内氏与细川氏明争暗斗,各不相让,嘉靖二年更是发生了著名的"宁波争贡事件",对此,明朝并未予以深究。大内氏在独占对明勘和贸易后,先后派出两批使团,为明朝所接纳。其后,大内义隆为其陪臣陶晴贤所弑杀,明日勘和贸易失却了支持,遂告断绝。

Sino-Japanese trade in the Ming Dynasty was established in the early years of Yongle and stopped in the late years of Jiajing, lasting for nearly 150 years. After the Onin, the Muromachi shogunate＇s authority went from bad to worse, and the rights of the Sino-lapanese trade were gradually controlled by Ouchi family and ttosokawa family. Fierce competitions arose between these two families, for both of them wanted to monopoly the trade. Finally, the Ningbo violence dispute incident happened in the Jiajing Period, and the court of the Ming did not take any real actions. Then Ouchi family sent two diplomatic missions to China after they monopolized the Sino-Japanese trade, and both missions were accepted by the Ming government. Then, Ouchi Elan was killed by his retainer Too Ching Yin, this made the Sino-Japanese trade lose protection, and the trade stopped.