济南市土地利用景观格局时空变化研究

Research on temporal and spatial change of landscape pattern in Jinan city

为探讨土地利用景观格局变化及其产生的生态效应,改善区域生态环境,文章基于ARCGIS空间分析技术、景观生态学的景观格局分析法,研究了济南市2000—2010年土地利用景观要素时空变化、景观格局特征、多样性及分异性变化。结果表明:(1)2000—2010年,济南市土地利用景观要素变化明显,耕地主要转为建设用地和林地、草地,建设用地主要流向耕地且城镇、农村居民点、交通水利及工矿用地内部转换明显。(2)水域、交通水利和未利用地三种景观类型分维数呈上升趋势,表明这3种景观类型分散程度增加,破碎化程度呈上升趋势。(3)耕地作为研究区优势景观类型,其所占比例降低,对区域景观的整体控制性减弱,景观异质性增大,多样性指数呈上升趋势,土地利用朝着多样化和均匀化方向发展,不利于生态效应的发挥。

The temporal-spatial dynamic change of landscape type and landscape pattern character are analyzed by spatial analysis of ARCGIS and landscape pattern analysis in order to reflect landscape change ecological effect which can improve ecological environment. The results indicate ： （ 1 ） from 2000 to 2010, the interactive conversion is evident between cultivate land and construction land, and the inner conversion of construction land was evident, too; （2） the dimension of water land, communication land and unused land is increasing, that is to say, the above three landscape has been fragmented with human＇s interference ; （ 3 ） cultivate land which dominated the whole landscape has lost advantage position with the development of land use＇s diversity and evenness, at the same time, landscape heterogeneity has becoming more and more evident, which degraded ecological service