传播与教化:明清书院大众化发展趋势

Dissemination and Education—the Popularization Trend of Development for Academies in Ming and Qing Dynasties

书院是中国一种独特的教育机构,独立于官学体制之外,在传统中国社会呈现出多样性、灵活性的办学。明清时期书院面对社会大众、民间社会,从唐宋时期建立之初的私密性向公共性转变,从纯学术走向世俗,承载着精神气质和文化传承使命,大众化、多元化、开放性传播中国传统文化,从而辅治教化,移风易俗,振兴地域文化,服务地方社会。

As a unique institution in China, the academy is independent of the official system, and its school running presents the characteristics of variety and flexibility in traditional Chinese society. In Ming and Qing Dynasties, the academies were for the public and the folk strata. The characteristics of them changed from privacy when they were founded in Tang and Song Dynasties to publicity and from pure learning to secularity. They carried the spiritual temperament and the duty of passing on our culture. They transmitted traditional Chinese culture popularly, diversely and openly so as to assist education, to change the custom, promote regional culture and to serve local society.