2012至2013年南通地区麻疹的流行病学分析

Epidemiology analysis on patients with measles from 2102 to 2013 in Nantong

目的探讨南通地区2012～2013麻疹的临床特点、预防接种及治疗转归,为进一步防治麻疹,控制并发症提供依据。方法收集并分析2012～2013年我院传染科麻疹患者的资料并进行回顾性分析。结果近年南通地区麻疹发病率显著升高,年龄分布呈两极分化,婴幼儿(32.6%)及成人(48.8%)所占比率增大。麻疹临床症状典型,黏膜斑较多见;成人麻疹患者全身中毒症状重,多见肝功能损害(57.2%);婴幼儿麻疹患者支气管炎、支气管肺炎(51.1%)并发症显著高于成人。结论目前麻疹仍以典型性麻疹为主,幼儿发病率较往年明显升高且并发症多见,非典型皮疹病例较往年有所增加。为控制麻疹流行,建议加强麻疹抗体滴度监测及疫苗接种。

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics, prevention, treatment and prognosis of patients with measles in Nantong from 2012 to 2013, and to provide data for further prevention and complication control. Methods Data of patients with measles in Nantong from 2012 to 2013 were collected and analyzed, retrospectively. Results The incidence of measles in Nantong increased significantly in recent years, infants （32.6%） and adults （48.8%） accounted for the most part. The clinical symptoms of measles was typical and Koplik’s was very common, which was more serious in adult patients, and usually accompanied by liver damage （57.2%）. However, the incidences of bronchitis and bronchial pneumonia were higher （51.1%） in infant patients than that in adults. Conclusions Currently measles is mainly typical, and the incidence in children is increasing, with more complications. Also, atypical rashes increased. In order to control measles, measles antibody titer monitoring and vaccination of measles should be strengthened.