新派烟台方言单字调的实验语音研究

An Experimental Phonetic Research on Citation Tones in New Yantai Dialect

相对于传统耳听手记的声调研究方法,实验语音学的方法使得声调研究结果更加客观化。烟台方言可以分为老派和新派方言,它们的单字调声调在某种程度上存在着不同。就目前来讲,对新派烟台方言研究相对较少,尤其是实验的方法,几乎还是空白。应用现代实验语音学的方法,侧重整个实验过程和实验数据,测算出新派烟台方言单字调调类最终分为三类,调类与调值分别为:平声44,上声313,去声42。由于这一结果与传统烟台方言单字调调值有较大差异,故本文对新派烟台方言单字调与传统烟台方言研究结果及普通话也进行了比较,并在此基础上分析了新派烟台方言单字调调值可能演变的原因。新调值还有可能对烟台方言两字组及三字组连读变调模式产生影响。

Experimental phonetic means can explain the results of tonal studies more objective compared with that of traditional ways. Yantai dialect can be relegated into Old and New in terms of the speakers＇ age. Old and New Yantai dialects are different to some extent, particularly in the citation tones. This paper focuses upon the citation tones of New Yantai dialect based on the acoustic experiments. The results show that the New Yantai dialect has three citation tones： pingsheng44 （yinping42, yangping44 ）, shangsheng313 and qush-eng42, with yinping merged with qusheng. This result is different from previous descriptive studies which were more based on the old generations. With pingsheng31 （yinping31, yangping55）, shangsheng214 and qush-eng55, whereas yangping is merged with qusheng. We tentatively analyse the reasons of this changes, assum-ing the results might exert impact on the interpretations of disyllabic and trisyllabic tonal sandhi behaviors.