并立与分化——明清时期汉水流域复式城市的形成、类型与启示

The Coexistence and Differentiation:The Formation,Type and Revelation of Compound City in the Middle Reach of Han River during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时期汉水流域的复式城市是该地区较为独特的城市类型,其按照历史成因和形成过程,可分为汇合型与拓展型。拓展型复式城市较为多见,根据城市拓展的动因不同,又可分为行政拓展型和商业拓展型。行政拓展型是出于城市行政管理的需要,在原有治城的附近规划建立新城,形成新旧并立的复式城市。商业拓展型则是出于经济活动的需要,突破了相对封闭、规划严整的治所城市,在治城附近逐渐兴起商业市镇,并最终形成商业镇城与治城并立的复式城市。这些复式城市的形成、发展之轨迹,正是明清时期地方城市发展史的缩影。

The compound city is a relatively unique city type in the Han River region of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The compound city in the Han River region, according to the formation process and historical causes, could be classified as ＂the converged type＂ and ＂the expanded type＂ . The latter is more common, and could be categorized into ＂the administratively-expanded type＂ and ＂the commercially-developed type＂ , according to the differences of the causes of urban expansion. ＂The administratively-expanded type＂ denotes the new town designed and established near the original seat city for the needs of the city administration, thus resulting in a compound city where the new and the old stand side by side. ＂The commercially-developed type＂ breaks the limits of the relatively enclosed and thoroughly planned seat city for the needs of economic activities, with the commercial town rising near the seat city. The process of establishment and development of the compound city is an epitome of historical development of cities in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.