隐真菌的研究进展

Researching Progress of Cryptomycota(Eukaryota,Fungi)

隐真菌门(Cryptomycota)是最近才建立的、隶属于真菌界的一个新的门。本文简要回顾了隐真菌门的来历及建立的依据,介绍了隐真菌的研究进展。系统进化分析显示,隐真菌位于真菌进化树的基部;依据已有的分子序列估计其种类非常丰富,在土壤、海洋与淡水环境中广泛分布。隐真菌细胞壁无几丁质,但其基因组中存在具有肌球蛋白结构域的II型几丁质合成酶基因;生活史相对简单,包括游动孢子、孢囊与孢子囊等阶段;通常在壶菌等真菌细胞内寄生,可通过吞噬作用吸收营养。由于壶菌可侵染浮游植物,因此推测隐真菌可能在水体初级生产及碎屑食物网中发挥调节作用。最后,对有关隐真菌的分子系统、分离与培养、基因组、多样性及分子生态学研究进行展望。

Cryptomycota is a novel fungal phylum established recently, this paper brletiy reviews me dis-covery history, basis for erection of the phylum, and recent research progress. Phylogenetic analysis has demonstrated that members of Cryptomycota represent basal branching lineages in the tree of fungi. They are widely distributed in soil, and marine and fresh water. Species diversity within this phylum was esti- mated to be high, whereas few species have been brought into culture. Cryptomycota fungi do not produce a chitin-rich cell wall, but a division 2 chitin synthase gene linked with an N-terminal myosin domain has been identified in their genomes. The life cycle is simple, including zoospore, cyst and sporangium stages. Phagocytosis has been observed in the representative species. As cyrptomycetes are mostly endoplasmic parasite of other fungi including Chytridiomycetes, they may play an important role in regulating the pri- mary production and the debris food chain. Emerging research directions, e. g. molecular phylogenetics, isolation and cultivation, genomics, diversity and molecular ecology, of these fungi are also outlined.