黄淮麦区杂交小麦亲本的杂种优势和配合力分析

Combining Ability and Heterosis in Hybrid Wheat of Parents from Huang-huai Wheat Production Area

为了研究黄淮麦区普通小麦品种间的杂种优势和配合力的关系并划分杂种优势群,用GriffingⅡ遗传交配设计对10个黄淮麦区普通小麦品种配制45个杂交组合,对亲本及杂交组合进行8个农艺性状的杂种优势和配合力效应分析,再根据亲本的一般配合力和性状表现划分杂种优势群。结果表明:(1)杂交小麦具有普遍的中亲优势和较强的对照优势,多数性状的超亲优势不强。单株穗数、主穗粒数表现为负向优势,致使单株产量的对照优势下降,是目前制约杂交小麦产量优势发挥的主要限制因素。(2)周98165、小偃22、西农889、郑麦366和偃展4110的产量一般配合力较高。强优势组合有豫农202×郑麦366、周98165×小偃22、小偃22×豫农202、西农2611×小偃22、烟农19×郑麦366、豫农202×邯6172、小偃22×郑麦366、烟农19×周98165、周98165×邯6172。依据双亲之一GCA或双亲GCA之和较大的要求进行亲本选配,强优势组合出现的几率较高。(3)利用配合力分析法将供试亲本划分为5类,利用性状聚类法将供试亲本划分为4类。这两种方法划分杂种优势群都是可行的。

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between heterosis and combi- ning ability of common wheat in Huang-huai wheat production area. 8 traits were measured in a com- plete diallel cross （Grilling II mating design） involving 45 hybrids and 10 parents {rom Huang-huai wheat producing area. The main results were as follows： （1） there were better performance in over middle-parent heterosis and relative heterosis of wheat hybrids, while the over-parent heterosis of most characters was weak except the competitive advantage of growth vigor. There was a negative heterosis on spike number per plant and grain number of main spike in the wheat hybrids, which was the main limiting factor on the yield heterosis of hybrid wheat. （2） The general combining ability （GCA） in yield of wheat parents Zhou 98165, Xiaoyan 22, Xinong 889, Zhengmai 366 and Yanzhan 4110 was higher. The high heterosis for yield per plant were observed in the crosses of Yunong 202 × Zhengmai366, Zhou 98165 ×Xiaoyan 22, Xiaoyan 22 × Yunong 202, Xinong 2611 ×Xiaoyan 22, Yan- nong 19 × Zhengmai366, Yunong 202 × Han 6172, Xiaoyan 22 × Zhengmai366, Yannong 19 × Zhou 98165 and Zhou 98165× Han 6172. （3） The 10 wheat parents were clustered into 5 and 4 groups by the general combining ability and the mean value of those traits, respectively. Classifying the heterotic group based on the analysis of phenotypic traits and general combining ability were all feasible.