滴灌带配置方式对冬小麦生长及产量的影响

Effect of Drip Irrigation Layout on Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat

为筛选出与冬小麦种植相适宜的滴灌带配置方式,对比分析了1管4行(处理A)、1管5行(处理B)、1管6行(处理C)三种不同的滴灌带铺设方式下冬小麦生长、产量的差异。结果表明,在不同滴灌带配置方式下,滴灌冬小麦叶面积指数(LAI)均随生育进程呈先升后降趋势,处理A在整个生育期内LAI始终高于处理B和处理C;旗叶叶绿素含量(SPAD值)在开花期以前表现为处理C>处理B>处理A,进入灌浆期后各处理的SPAD值均不同程度下降,呈现出处理A>处理B>处理C的态势;各处理单株干物质积累在生育期内呈"S"型变化趋势,处理A的叶、穗干物质积累分别较处理C高出17.39%和0.69%;产量差异在处理间均达到显著或极显著水平,处理A比处理B、处理C分别增产10.97%和37.71%。综合考虑到投入与产出,尽管处理B在三种处理中各方面表现中等,但其在实现节水的同时,产量(7 122.46kg·hm-2)高于处理C,滴灌带用量较处理A减少了3 333.4m·hm-2,因此在本试验条件下冬小麦滴灌带的配置方式以1管5行较为合适。

The aim of this experiment was to find out the pipeline layouts with combined benefits of drip irrigation. Three arrangements were established in winter wheat field as one pipe for 4 rows （treatment A, TA）, 5 rows （treatment B, TB） and 6 rows （treatment C, TC） , respectively, following randomized block design. The results showed that leaf area index （LAD was the highest in TA,fol- lowed by TB and TC during whole growth period. SPAD value of flag leaf was the highest in TO,fol- lowed by TB and TA before blossom,then decreased,and showed descending order of TA,TB and TC since the onset of filling stage. Dry material in TA was 17.39% and 0.69% higher than that in TC in leaf and ear, respectively. The differences in yield between treatments were significant, and yield in TA was 10.97% and 37.71% higher than that in TB and TC,respectively. TB was the best choice for its modest yield （7 122.46 kg ·hm^-2） and cost-effective （less cost in pipe line）.