蘑菇渣复合基质对铁皮石斛生长和有效成分含量的影响

Effects of Compound Substrate of Mushroom Residue on the Contents of Effective Components and Growth Situation of D.candidum officinal Seeding

以蘑菇渣基质为原料加入不同体积比的锯木屑、苔藓、松树皮形成蘑菇渣复合栽培基质并进行铁皮石斛组培苗移栽试验,通过观测植株成活率、株高、茎粗、根长、新根数以及石斛多糖、石斛碱含量的测定,筛选出适应铁皮石斛生长的栽培基质。结果表明,在相同的栽培管理条件下,移栽30 d后,组培苗在处理GC、GD中成活率达97.3%、95.8%显著高于其他处理和对照,其中处理GC的株高、茎粗、根长和新根数也显著高于其他处理;移栽365 d后,处理GC的成活率、株高、茎粗、根长和新根数依然最高,分别达到94.6%、7.87 cm、0.307 cm、5.57 cm、7.67个与其他处理差异显著,同时石斛多糖和总生物碱含量在处理GC中也达到最大,分别为8.88%和0.30%并与其他处理差异显著和对照。可见,处理GC的配比有效地提高了铁皮石斛组培苗的生长和有效成分含量,为生产实践提供可靠理论依据。

With mushroom residue substrate as the raw material added with fine sawdust,moss,pine bark in different volume ratios the compund mushroom residue substrate was prepared for the tissue culture of Dendrobium,and the seedling transplant test was carried out.Through the observation and determination of plant survival rate,plant height,stem diameter,root length,number of new roots and the contents of Dendrobium polysaccharide and alkali,the suitable cultivation substrate for Dendrobium was screened.The results showed that,under the same cultivation management conditions,30 days after transplanting,the tissue culture seedlings in the treatments of GC and GD,the survival rates were 97.3％ and 95.8％,significantly higher than those in other treatments and the control,in the treatment GC,the plant height,stem diameter,root length and the number of new roots were also significantly higher than those in other treatments ;365 days after transplanting in the treatment GC,the survival rate,plant height,stem diameter,root length and the number of new roots were the highest,making 94.6％,7.87 cm,0.307 cm,5.57 cm and 7.67 showing significant difference ; meanwhile,the contents of Dendrobium polysaccharides and total alkaloid in the treatment of GC were the maximum,making 8.88％ and 0.30％ respectively,significantly larger than those in other treatments and the control.All this shows that the ratio of the treatment GC improved the growth and the contents of effective components of Dendrobium tissue culture seedlings.This study provides a reliable theoretical basis for production practice.