冶金炉的开炉和达产

Start-up and ramp-up of metallurgical furnaces to design production rate

冶金炉的成功烘炉,熔池形成和全面达产,对于大多数例行操作的操作工而言是一项挑战。开炉方案对于炉子能否达到设计炉龄和及时达到额定产能具有重大的影响。一个炉子的成功投产和达产的先决条件包括:充分理解技术上的制约因素,周密的计划以及业主操作方、设计方、建造方和第三方顾问的密切合作为了使开炉和达产周期最短化,同时保证炉子的完整性和炉龄,本文讲述了技术和经验层面的原理,包括耐火材料和支撑结构(炉壳或有弹簧调节的绑定系统)相互关联的膨胀行为、电极焙烧的原理、加热速率的影响、初期熔池的形成和炉子的使用寿命。

The successful preheat, liquid hath formation and ramp-up to full production of metallurgical furnaces poses challenges that can be outside the normal day-to-day experience of most operators. The start-up method- ology used can have substantial and far-reaching impacts on the ability of the furnace to achieve the planned campaign life and its rated throughput in a timely manner. The pre-requisites for a successful furnace start-up and ramp-up require a full understanding of the underlying technical constraints, as well as careful planning and close cooperation between the owner-operator, designer, constructor and third party advisors. This paper outlines the technical and empirically demonstrated principles behind minimizing furnace start-up and ramp-up duration without compromising furnace integrity and campaign life. This includes the inter-related expansion behavior of the refractory and structural support （shell and/or spring-loaded bindings）, principles of electrode baking and the effects of the rate of heat-up, and initial bath building on the furnace integrity and ulti- mate campaign life.