中国温带玉米种质与热带、亚热带种质杂优组合模式研究

Studies on the Heterotic Patterns between Tropical Subtropical and Chinese Temperate Germplasms in Maize

本研究评价和分析了代表中国温带玉米主要杂优群的 5个自交系、 3个改良群体与 10个热带、亚热带群体之间的配合力、杂种优势和杂优组合模式。结果表明 ,大多数温热杂交组合产量高于温带改良群体本身产量 ,一些组合产量接近单交种对照 ,温热杂交种具有普遍的超亲优势。苏湾 1号、墨黄9、TS6、 963× 330、豫综 5号×苏湾 1号、黄早 4×墨黄 9、旅 9×墨黄 9热带、亚热带群体和杂交组合的产量和配合力高 ,利用潜力大 ,可加入到玉米育种方案中以拓宽我国育种材料的遗传基础。温热杂交组合的抽雄、吐丝、ASI值、果穗性状基本达到温带生产可利用的标准 ,温带种质中控制这些性状的基因对外来光敏感基因表现显性 ,但植株和穗位特别高 ,应将其作为改良的重点。按照温热杂交组合的产量、一般配合力和特殊配合力高的原则 ,筛选出了每个温带杂优群与热带、亚热带种质的最佳杂优组合模式 。

crosses were made between two groups of maize, including 5 inbreed lines and 3 improved populations from China and 10 tropical, subtropical populations. Results of studies on their combining ability, heterosis and heterotic pattern revealed that the yields of most of the TE TR(temperate tropical, subtropical) crosses were higher than those of temperate parents, and most of them showed heterosis. The yields of some crosses even approached that of the single cross check. Combining ability study showed that TE TR crosses of 330×963, Mohuang9×huangzao4, 330×TS6, Mohuang9×lu9 had higher combining ability as well as higher yield, suggesting they could be utilized to broaden the genetic bases of the material of our maize breeding programs. The dates of tasseling, silking, the ASI value and ear character, of the TE TR crosses, conformed with the standard of commercial combinations because the genes conferring these characters were usually dominant over those of the light sensitive alien genes.