中国与世界各国各地区贸易类型的划分方法及空间分布特征

Classification Methods and Spatial Patterns of China's Foreign Trade Region

本文在综合现有单一指标划分方法的基础上,提出综合考虑净贸易额率和总贸易额率的复合型指标法及其修正方法,并运用以上多种划分方法实证研究中国贸易外部区域类型的多种划分方案。结果表明:复合指标法综合考虑了净贸易率和总贸易率,可以同时测度出贸易的流动方向性和活跃度,能清晰分辨出平衡活跃区这种特殊类型。修正型复合指标法,能有效消除发达国家GDP较大使贸易活跃度被低估,发展中国家GDP较小导致贸易活跃度被高估的偏差,结果更能体现中国外贸市场空间分布实际特点。中国对外贸易空间格局受区位、比较成本优势和对外贸易政策等条件影响。

After reviewing the current methods for analyzing regional types of exterior trade, the authors put forward a new composite-index method and its further modification method consisting of two indexes simultaneously ： the net trade volume rate and gross trade volume rate. Further, those methods are empirically tested by using China＇ s 2010 trade data and the world＇ s GDP data. The results show： The composite-indexes method is much better than the traditional single-index method because it can measure the trade direction and scale of trade volume and in particular it can identify the unique regional types called balance active region. The modified composite-indexes method can effectively correct the over or under-estimated error due to the rather large or small GDP of a country or a region. The spatial patterns of different types of Chinese foreign trade exterior regional are closely related to location, advantage of comparative cost and policy of foreign trade.