现象学与19世纪科学论的促逼

Phenomenology and Urging of Theory of Science in the 19th Century

19世纪下半期被海德格尔描述成科学论再度昌盛的年代。科学论作为实证主义首先指英法社会学思潮,作为哲学的内在冲动则是从新康德主义一直到胡塞尔现象学的最高原则和最终目标。胡塞尔的现象学劳作,力图摆脱哲学的实证主义化和心理学化,他的哲学创获被海德格尔正确地概括为现象学的三个基本发现:意向性、范畴直观、先天。

The second half of the 19th century period is described by Heidegger as a new era for theory of science. Theory of Science, as positivism, first refers to the British and French sociological thoughts. As an inner drive of philosophy, it is the highest principle and ultimate goal from the new Kantianism until the Husserl＇s phenomenology. Husserl＇s achievements in phenomenology, trying to get rid of the positivism philosophy and psychology, can be correctly summed up as three basic discoveries by Heidegger： Intentionality, Categorial intuition, the original sense of the apriori.