避雨栽培对酿酒葡萄有机酸的影响

Effects of Rain-shelter Cultivation on the Organic Acid Content of Wine Grape Berry

利用反相高效液相色谱技术,对同一地区露地和避雨栽培下‘赤霞珠’和‘霞多丽’葡萄果实中4种有机酸含量进行了比较,同时利用Real-time PCR分析了葡萄果实中酒石酸合成关键酶——艾杜糖酸脱氢酶基因(L-VvIdnDH)表达差异。结果表明:避雨栽培显著提高了发育中的‘赤霞珠’果实酒石酸、苹果酸和草酸含量,但在采收期,2种栽培方式下的果实中有机酸含量无显著差异;避雨栽培对‘霞多丽’果实发育过程4种有机酸积累无明显影响;避雨栽培显著上调了幼果期‘赤霞珠’果实中L-VvIdnDH基因的表达,并在发育中后期保持较高转录本。这可能是导致该品种果实避雨栽培下酒石酸积累较多的主要原因。

The concentrations of 4 organic acids in the berries of Vitis vinifera ＇ Cabernet Sauvignon＇ and V. vinifera. ＇ Chardonnay＇ subjected to rain-shelter cultivation and open cultivation were assessed by using high performance liquid chromatography. The expression of VvldnDH encoding L-Idonate Dehydrogenase, a key en- zyme involved in tartaric acid biosynthesis, was analyzed through Real-time PCR. The results showed that rain- shelter cultivation significantly increased the contents of tartaric acid, malic acid and oxalic acid in developing ＇ Cabemet Sauvignon＇ grape berries, but no significant difference in contents of these organic acids at harvest was observed between the two cultivation ways. Rain-shelter cultivation almost did not change the level of the four organic acids of ＇ Chardonnay＇ grape berries as compared to the open cultivation. Analysis of the expression of VvldnDH revealed that gene expression in young berries was significantly up-regulated owing to rain-shelter cultivation and that the transcript abundance was maintained at a certain level during the following development, which may be a main reason for a high level of tartaric acid in developing grapes under rain-shelter cultivation. This work will not only provide some guidelines for the improvement of the rain-shelter cultivation in production of wine grapes, but also help to uncover the mechanism of tartaric acid accumulation in grape berries.