文化认同与社会控制:明清鄱阳湖区周颠仙信仰

Cultural identity and social control: a case study of Zhou Dianxian belief in Poyang Lake District during Ming and Qing Dynasty

明清时期,鄱阳湖区已经形成了一个完整的民间神灵体系。在众多的民间神灵中,周颠仙信仰可谓独树一帜,经过明太祖朱元璋巧妙地利用民间文化影响力加以神化及敕封,促使他由一个民间传说的"疯癫"人物逐渐演化为一个能够预知未来和护佑地方百姓的地方神灵。时至清代,周颠仙信仰及其祭祀绵延不绝,究其原委主要是国家造神、道教文化的影响及地域文化的认同。

During Ming and Qing dynasty,a complete system of folk gods had come into being in the Poyang Lake District. Among the many folk spirits, the belief in Zhou Dianxian was unique, which involved a ＂mad＂ character deiced and bestowed through the manipulation of folk culture by Zhu Yuanzhang,the first emperor of Ming Dynasty and gradually evolved into a local god with the ability to foresee the future and protect the local residents. The con- tinuous belief and worship of Zhou Dianxian till Qing Dynasty derived from the influence of national recognition of god,Taoist culture and the regional cultural identity.