汉川市两流域不同防治措施控制血吸虫病效果比较

Effects of different prevention and control measures on schistosomiasis prevalence in different limnetic regions

目的比较以传染源控制为主的综合防治措施与常规卫生血防措施控制血吸虫病的效果,为制定下一步血吸虫病防治策略提供参考依据。方法在汉川市南支河流域实施常规卫生血防措施,在汉北河流域实施常规卫生血防措施的基础上,加河滩禁牧、以机代牛为主并辅以河滩综合开发的措施。采取回顾性调查方法收集2004-2011年汉川市南支河流域与汉北河流域血吸虫病疫情资料,比较这两类措施控制两流域血吸虫病的效果。结果 2004年南支河流域人群和耕牛血吸虫感染率均较汉北河流域低,2004-2011年南支河流域有螺框出现率和活螺平均密度较汉北河未翻耕种植河滩与防浪林低;2004-2011年南支河流域均查获感染性钉螺,2008-2010年汉北河未翻耕种植河滩未查获感染性钉螺。2007年汉北河流域耕牛已全部淘汰,2007-2011年汉北河防浪林未查获感染性钉螺,南支河流域每年均有粪检阳性耕牛。2004-2011年两流域人群血吸虫感染率呈逐年下降趋势,但汉北河流域人群血吸虫感染率下降率较南支河流域更为显著。结论常规血防措施和以传染源控制为主的综合防治措施均可取得较好的血吸虫病防治效果,但以传染源控制为主的综合防治措施取得的效果更好。

Objective To compare the schistosomiasis control effects of the comprehensive control measures based on infec- tious resources control and the conventional control measures, so as to provide the evidence for improving prevention and control strategies. Methods In the Hanbei River basin, the comprehensive control measures based on infectious resources control （con- ventional measures plus grazing prohibition in the marshland, machine instead of cattle, and marshland development, and so on） were carried out, and in the Nanzhi River basin, the conventional control measures were performed. The schistosomiasis epidemic data were collected, analyzed and compared from 2004 to 2011. Results In 2004, the infection rate of the populations and cattle in Nanzhi River basin was lower than that in the Hanbei River basin. From 2004 to 2011, the Oncomelania hupensis snail frame oc- currence rate and the average density of living snails in the Nanzhi River basin was lower than that in the non-ploughing marshland and preventing wave woods of the Hanbei River basin, and there were schistosome infected snails in the Nanzhi River basin. From 2008 to 2010, there were no infected snails in the non-ploughing marshland of the Hanbei River basin. From 2007, the cattle have been eliminated in the Hanbei River basin. From 2007 to 2011, there were no infected snails in the preventing wave woods of the Hanbei River, but there were schistosome infected cattle found by stool examinations every year in the Nanzhi River basin. From 2004 to 2011, the infection rates of population presented downward trends in the two river basins, but the downward trend was more significant in the Hanbei River basin than in the Nanzhi River basin. Conclusion The conventional control measures and comprehensive control measures based on infectious resources control are both effective, but the latter is more effective.