城市风景区土地利用冲突演变过程及形成机制研究——以西樵山风景名胜区为例

Study on the Evolution and Mechanism of the Formation of Land Use Conflicts of Scenic Sites in City: Case Study of Xiqiaoshan Scenic Site

城市风景区因其本身演进中的社会——空间转型和刚性制度约束下的社会互动而使得冲突产生、演变过程和运作方式在我国风景名胜区保护与发展过程中具有典型性和代表性。以广东省西樵山风景名胜区为例,从冲突潜在阶段、冲突意图阶段、冲突行为阶段以及冲突结构阶段4个阶段分析了城市风景区外部与内部的土地利用冲突的动态演化过程。城市风景区土地利用冲突的类型可以划分为保护理念、经济利益以及人际关系3种,表现为各利益相关者(中央政府、地方政府、管理机构、经营企业、旅游者以及当地村民)之间的博弈关系,其中风景资源产生的正向外部效应的空间利益分配不均是导致冲突产生的根本原因。

Scenic sites in city is typical and representative in the process of protection and development of the scenic sites for the generation, evolution and operating models of conflicts in the interaction between its society-space transformation and the rigid social restrictions. For Xiqiaoshan Scenic Site case, the authors analyze the dynamic evolution of external and internal land use conflicts of scenic sites in city from the potential stage, intention stage, behavior stage and structure stage. The types of land use conflicts can be divided into three types of protection concepts, economy interests and interpersonal relations. The conflicts show the game relationship among stakeholders （central government, local governments, regulatory agencies, business enterprises, tourists and local villagers）. The uneven distribution of spatial benefits of positive external effect generated by scenery resource is the primary cause of conflicts production.