杭州市居民食盐加碘策略知识态度行为调查分析

Knowledge,attitude and behavior of universal salt iodization(USI)for residents in Hangzhou city

目的:了解杭州市民对食盐加碘策略的认知程度和碘相关知识的知晓情况,为有针对性地开展碘缺乏病防治健康教育提供依据。方法:采用调查问卷,通过随机抽样方法对337名市民进行调查。结果:市民对碘盐可预防碘缺乏病的认识程度较好,对碘缺乏及碘过量造成的危害也有较高认知,大多数的市民(65.88%)认为国家食盐加碘策略基本正确,食盐加碘应该"因地制宜、分类指导"。但也认为目前甲状腺肿瘤发病率确实升高和可能升高的占65.87%,而且有54.89%的市民认为是吃碘盐造成的;27.0%市民认为补碘超过适宜量或碘过量,这也是市民选择无碘盐(16.62%)或交替购买碘盐和无碘盐(35.91%)的主要原因。居民自愿购买碘盐比例偏低(42.73%),不少市民(26.41%)认为,沿海和发达地区应该自主选择碘盐和无碘盐,或农村地区食用加碘盐而城市人群食用无碘盐。结论:应进一步加大健康教育的力度,尤其要重视沿海城市居民碘缺乏病健康教育,探讨因地制宜的健康教育方法及模式。

Objective To investigate the KAB （knowledge,attitude and behavior） of USI （universal salt iodization） and awareness of the knowledge for the residents in Hangzhou city,and to provide scientific basis for the education of IDD （iodine deficiency disease） prevention and cure. Methods Random sampling was used to carry out the questionnaire on the KAB for 337 residents. Results The awareness of iodized salt for preventing IDD and the awareness of hazard from iodine deficiency and iodine excess was good. Residents mostly （65.88 % ） considered that USI was right, and USI should be sorted and guided. Residents presuming the tumor incidence of thyroid really elevated or possibly elevated was 65.87% ,meanwhile 54.89% of residents considered iodized salt should take responsibility. The major reason why residents chose non iodized salt （16.62 %） or alternate purchase （35.91 % ） was that 27 % presumed they took in exces sive iodine. The scale of iodized salt purchased （42.73%） was low. Part of the residents （26.41%） advised that resi dents living in coastal and developed areas should choose iodized salt or non iodized salt independently. Alternatively, residents in rural areas took in iodized salt while urban residents took in non iodized salt. Conclusions It is necessary to strengthen the effort for health education of 1DD especially among residents in coastal areas,in order to effectively es tablish a mode of health education adaptable to local conditions.