2008-2012年嘉兴市手足口病流行特征和病原学监测

An epidemiology and etiology study on hand-foot-mouth disease in Jiaxing city from 2008 to 2012

目的:通过对嘉兴市2008-2012年手足口病疫情、病原学监测结果进行分析,为防控手足口病疫情提供依据。方法:使用国家疾病监测信息管理系统开展手足口病监测和分析。结果:2008-2010年嘉兴市年报告发病率呈逐年上升趋势,2011年开始下降,2012年又开始出现大幅上升,主要发病高峰为5-7月,次高峰为10-12月,发病年龄大部分集中在1～4岁,男性多于女性,在幼托机构易引起聚集性病例。2008-2012年实验室诊断病例1 266例,其中EV71型为473例,占37.36%,CVA16型396例,占31.28%,其他肠道病毒397例,占31.36%。5年报告重症手足口病病例19例(死亡1例),其中EV71占重症总数的68.42%(13/19)。结论:手足口病发病呈现明显季节性和人群分布特点,开展手足口病流行病学和病原学研究,将有助于提出进一步有针对性的防控措施。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand--foot --mouth disease （HFMD） from 2008 to 2012 in Jiaxing City and to provide the scientific evidence for prevention and control of HFMD. Methods Surveillance and report was carried out according to national disease supervision information management sys- tem of HFMD. Results The annual report morbidity of Jiaxing City was increasing from 2008 to 2010,but declined in 2011, in 2012 began to rise sharply. The main age at onset was 1--4 years old and clustered cases used to occur at nurs- eries and kindergartens,with obvious peak season in summer （May--July） and autumn （October--December）. The in-cidence differed between male and female. There were 1266 laboratory diagnosed cases during 2008--2012. The positive rate of EV71 was 37.36% （473/1266）,the positive rate of CoxA16 was 31.28% （396/1266） and other enteric virus was 31.36% （397/1266）. There were 19 severe cases from 2008 to 2012 with one death case. The positive rate of EV71 was 68.42%. ConclusionsHFMD presents an obvious seasonal character and characteristic of population distribution. The epidemiology and the etiology research of HFMD will be helpful to further target--oriented prevention and con- trol.