论词类划分中功能标准与形式标准的结合——从藏语词类划分说起

On the Combination of Functional Criteria and Morphologic Criteria in the Division of Word Categories——the Division of Tibean Word Categoties

词类划分的标准是一个古老的话题。欧洲人根据形态发达的印欧语特点,提出形态标准;北大教授朱德熙先生,从汉语"没有严格意义上的形态"的实际出发,提出词类划分的功能标准,认为功能标准适合所有语言,并列举俄语借词的例子。文章以藏语名词和动词为例,指出方法简捷,易于理解,易于操作,是藏语词类划分的重要选择。

The criteria for dividing word categories is an old topic.Morphologic criteria was made by European according to the characteristics of developed Indo-European languages.Mr Zhu De-xi,a professor of Beijing University,advanced functional criteria for dividing Chinese word categories based on the reality of＂Chinese language has no mophology in the strict sense＂,and mentioned that the criteria could be used for all lauguages,and he gave some example of Russian loanwords.This article takes the nouns and verbs of Tibetan language as examples,and indicates that it can be an important approch to use functional criteria for dividing Tibetan word categories,as the criteria is simple,easy to understand and operate.