全球科学仪器与工程仪器的发展特征比较——基于专利计量视角

Comparing characteristics of global scientific instrumentation vs engineering instrumentation based on patentometrics

分析与比较全球科学仪器和工程仪器的发展趋势、发展阶段、网络结构、学科分布和重叠比例等特征,有利于帮助我们了解世界科学仪器和工程仪器的发展规律,及其对科学技术发展的影响。以收录专利信息最全的世界专利数据库《德温特创新索引》中科学仪器和工程仪器的专利数据为样本,运用专利计量与信息可视化等方法进行了分析与比较。结果显示,1963-2011年间,全球科学仪器和工程仪器的发展趋势和发展阶段都极其相似:二者都呈现出多项式增长趋势,都经历了萌芽-持续增长-快速增长-高速增长四个阶段;"电气与电子"既是科学仪器又是工程仪器技术网络中的最大子网络;科学仪器分布最广的学科领域是化学,工程仪器分布最广的学科领域是计算机科学;工程仪器对科学仪器的依赖性更大一些。

It will help us understand the developing law and impact on science and technology development visualizing and comparing the developing trend, stages, network structure, subject fields and overlapping of scientific instrumentation （SI） and engineering in- strumentation （El）. Choosing the patent data in the field of SI ＆ El from DII as the sample, we conduct the analysis and comparison by using patentometrics and information visualization methodologies. The results show that, both the developing trends and stages of SI and El are striking similar; both the developing trends appear to be polynomial trend; including four stages as infancy, steady develo- ping, rapid increasing and high speed increasing; sub -network called electrical and electronic is the biggest one to both SI and El net- works; chemistry is the biggest subject for SI, and computer science is the biggest subject for El; EI depends on SI more in the latest more than 50 years. The impact of SI and El on science and technology development will be further explored next.