中国古代证据制度的思想基础及特点分析

Ideological Foundation and Feature Analysis of the Evidence System in Ancient China

以中华法系为代表的中国古代法制文明在世界法律史中占有重要地位,也是中国古代文明的体现。法律制度的设计必须与其所处的经济、社会制度与环境相适应,古代中国法律体现了这点。作为法律制度一部分、对于事实的认定、纠纷的解决具有重要影响的证据制度也是如此。中国古代证据制度在设计及实施过程中受到了古代哲学、伦理观念、心理学等因素的影响,同时也与当时的生产力水平相适应。中国古代证据制度具有与西方不同的特征,这与中国古代对人的重视、以儒家为主导的哲学观念、当时的生产力水平以及家法宗族的统治密切相关。

As represented by the Chinese traditional legal family, ancient Chinese legal civilization occu- pies an important place in the world history of law ,which is also a manifestation of its civilization.The design of a legal system must be adapted to its economy, society and environment, which can be found in ancient Chinese law and its evidence system. As part of the legal system, Ancient Chinese evidence system also had important implications for the findings of facts and the settlement of disputes, which was influenced by the ancient philosophy, ethics ,psychology and other factors in the design and the implementation process ,and of course it had to be adapted to the level of productivity at that time.Ancient Chinese evidence system differed greatly from the Western ones for the reason that ancient Chines people attached more value to people, the Confucian philosophy, the level of productivity and the clan discipline and the ruling by family law.