电化学应用(Ⅱ)——电化学电容器的发展与应用

Application of electrochemistry(Ⅱ)—Development and application of electrochemical capacitor

电化学电容器是一种新型储能元件,具有功率密度大、充放电速度快、工作温度宽、循环寿命长、安全环保等优点,受到各国研究者的广泛关注。自1957年第一份专利申请以来,电化学电容器历经了数代的发展,在电极材料、电解质等方面都取得了长足的进步。同时,电化学电容器的应用范围不断扩展,在储能、电动汽车、自动控制等领域有重要作用。本文简要介绍了电化学电容器的发展历程、基本原理及其主要应用,展望了电化学电容器的发展前景及研究方向。

As an energy storage element, electrochemical capacitors have many advantages including high power density, fast charge and discharge rates, wide range of working temperature, long cycle life, excellent safety and environmental friendliness, and, as a result, attract worldwide attention. Since the patent filed in 1957, several generations of electrochemical capacitors have been developed due to significant progress in electrode materials and electrolytes. Electrochemical capacitors have been playing an important role in a number of application areas. Examples include energy storage, electro mobile and automatic control. This paper first introduces the history and fundamental aspects of the electrochemical capacitors. Then, a brief summary is given of the applications of the devices. Finally, prospect and future research directions of the area are discussed.