饲粮添加脂肪或淀粉对不同体重后备母猪初情启动的影响

Effects of Fat or Starch Diet on Puberty of Gilts in Different Body Weight Stages

试验旨在研究饲粮添加脂肪或淀粉对不同体重后备母猪初情启动的影响。采用2X2因子试验设计，主效应分别为日粮处理（淀粉s和豆油F），不同体重（55kgL和70kgH）及二者互作。选择初始体重为（55±3．0）kg和（70±4．8）kg的LY母猪各30头，分为4个处理，每个处理15个重复。结果表明：脂肪组后备母猪的初情日龄比淀粉组提早8～11d（P〈0．05），平均日增重增加63．62～74.80g（P〈0．05），耗料增重比降低0．31％～0．48％（P〈O．05），体重阶段对初情日龄、背膘厚和生产性能的影响不显著（P〉0．05），而L阶段母猪的全期能量摄入比H阶段的母猪多447．64～635．20MJ（P〈O．05）。脂肪组母猪血液中总胆固醇和甘油三酯的浓度显著高于淀粉组（P〈0．05），葡萄糖浓度则无显著差异（P〉O．05），体重阶段对血液代谢底物影响不显著（P〉0．05）。脂肪组母猪血液中雌二醇浓度显著高于淀粉组母猪（P〈0．05），体重阶段对发情母猪血液激素没有显著影响（P〉O．05）。结果表明饲粮添加脂肪可以使不同体重阶段后备母猪的初情日龄提早，提高血液中甘油三酯和总胆固醇浓度，促进雌二醇生成，有利于初情启动。

The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of fat or starch dietary on puberty in different body weight stages. 30 gilts with initial body weight of （56±3.0） kg and （70±4.8） were respectively allotted into four treatments with an average initial group and 15 gilts in each replicate. Using 2×2 factorial design, the main factors consisted of dietary energy sources （starch vs. soybean oil） and different weight stages （55 kg L and vs.70 kg BW H）. The results indicated that, compared with the starch group, the gilts in fat group were 8-11d earlier attained to puberty. Soybean oil supplementation increased ADG 63.62-74.80 g （P〈 0.05 ） and reduced F/G by 0.31-0.48% （ P〈0.05 ）. The weight stages had no significant effect on the performance of gilts, however, the daily energy intake of 55 kg stage gilts was 447.64-635.20 MJ more than sows of 70 kg stage （P 〈0.05）. The concentrations of plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride in the fat group gilts were significantly higher than that in the starch group gilts （P〈0.05）. Gilts fed fat diet had higher plasma estradiol concentration significantly than that fed starch group （P〈0.05）. There were no differences on the concentration of plasma hormones in the two weight stages （P〉0.05）. Diets containing fats would increase their diet daily gain when attained to puberty, improve plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol concentration to promote estradiol generate.