拒绝敏感的认知与神经机制

The Cognitive and Neuroscience Mechanism of Rejection Sensitivity

拒绝敏感是个体对拒绝的焦虑预期、准备性知觉和过度反应的一种倾向。高拒绝敏感的个体更容易知觉到社会拒绝的线索,并对拒绝线索表现出注意偏好以及更强烈的反应。拒绝敏感的脑成像研究发现,社会拒绝可以引起边缘系统和前额皮层的激活,高拒绝敏感的个体在涉及情绪调节的外侧前额叶和额上回的活动相比低拒绝敏感个体较低。以往的研究者主要从微观层面,以社会认知和脑认知的视角来探索个体在拒绝情景中的反应差异,未来的研究还需要研究者更多在人际过程中对拒绝敏感的内在机制及其对个体的影响进行探索。

Rejection sensitivity is the disposition to anxiously expect, readily perceive, and intensely react to rejection. Relative to low rejection sensitive individuals, high rejection sensitive individuals show a heightened perception of social rejection, an attentional bias for cues related to social rejection, and more intensely response to the same level of perceived rejection. Considerable fMRI studies have shown that social rejection versus acceptance activated regions of limbic system and prefrontal cortex, high rejection sensitive individuals displayed significantly less activity in lateral prefrontal cortex and superior frontal gyrus, which may regulate response to social rejection. Previous researchers viewed rejection sensitivity from social cognitive and neurocognitive perspective in a micro level, which focused on individual differences in the responses to social rejection. Future research should explore the rejection sensitivity under intrapersonal processes.