地下水氮污染的区域性调控策略

Regional Control of Groundwater Nitrogen Contamination

全球约有110个国家和地区的地下水遭受氮污染,地下水三氮污染已成为全球性饮水安全问题。地下水氮污染具有如下特点:污染源主要为面源;形成过程随机性大、影响因子复杂;分布范围广、氮污染负荷时空变幅大;污染物的迁移转化涉及了复杂的氮循环;终端排泄可引起或加剧地表水体氮污染。因此,地下水氮污染的区域修复是当前国际学术界研究的难点。提出了氮污染的区域调控策略,以地下水氮污染脆弱性和氮污染负荷为依据,识别地下水氮污染优先控制区和优先控制目标,并分配氮污染控制量;在此基础上,实施源头削减、下渗阻断和排泄阻控工程,最终实现区域性调控的目标。本研究为地下水氮污染的区域修复以及地表水质量的保护提供了新思路。

About 110 countries and regions are suffering from groundwater nitrogen pollution, which has become a global safe-drinking water problem. The characteristics of groundwater nitrogen pollution are as follows： it is non-point source pollution; the processes of formation is random and the influential factors are complex; it is widely distributed with large spatial and temporal differences in nitrogen pollution load; the transportation and transformation of nitrogen contaminants are involved complex nitrogen cycle; the fi- nal discharge causes or intensifies nitrogen contamination to surface water bodies. Therefore regional re- mediation of groundwater nitrogen contamination has currently been a global difficulty of academic re- search. This paper proposes the regional groundwater nitrogen contamination control strategy. Basing on the vulnerability of groundwater nitrogen contamination and the media of nitrate contamination, the prior control areas are determined and nitrate control quantity is decided. Thereafter, source reduction, leaching blockage and discharge control proiects are carried out to realize the purpose of regional control. This stud- y provides a novel way for regional remediation of groundwater nitrogen contamination and protection of the quality of surface water.